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 ﻿JOINTS!
**Fibrous Joints** –  Between bones that closely contact one another  Thin layer of dense connective tissue joins the bones at such joints, like a suture between a pair of flat bones of the skull  No appreciable movement or limited movement

Cartilaginous Joints –  Joints of this type separate the vertebrae of the vertebral column. Each intervertebral disc is composed of a band of fibrocartilage that helps absorbs shocks and helps equalize pressure.  Slight flexibility or allow limited movement  Examples – symphysis pubis and the first rib with the sternum

Synovial Joints –  Complex structurally than fibrous or cartilaginous joints  Allow free movement  Ends of the bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, and a surrounding, tubular capsule of dense connective tissue holds them together  Some synovial joints have flattened, shock-absorbing pads of fibrocartilage called menisci  Such joints may also have fluid-filled sacs called bursae  Synovial joints are classified as follows:

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Ball-and-socket-joint – <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Consists of a bone with a ball-shaped head that articulates with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> These joints allows a wider range of motion than any other kind, permitting movements in all planes <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Examples – Shoulder and hip

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Condyloid Joint – <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> An oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Permits a variety of movements in different planes <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Examples – between metacarpals and phalanges



<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Gliding Joints – <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Flat or slightly curved <span style="color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">They allow sliding and twisting movements

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Examples – wrist and ankle <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Hinge Joint – <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Resembles the hinge of a door in that it permits movement in one plane only <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Examples – elbow and phalanges

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Pivot Joint –

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligaments <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Movement is limited to the rotation around a central axis <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Examples – Proximal ends of the radius and the ulna

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Saddle Joint –

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Permits a variety of movements <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff8f00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Examples – carpal and metacarpal bones and the thumbmedia type="youtube" key="hAdPsPTMqzI" width="425" height="350" align="right"