Ezra

__**//Joints//**__
Fibrous Joints: > Example: Skull bones Cartilaginuous Joints: Synovial Joints:
 * These joints are essentially fixed and immoveable joints. They don’t have a joint cavity and are linked with fibrous connective tissue. [[image:Untitled.png width="311" height="309"]]
 * Cartilaginous joints accommodate more movement than a ‘fixed’ fibrous joint however is still inferior to a synovial joint, in terms of mobility. Cartilaginous joints are tied together by cartilage. Example: Intervertrabeal bones in Vertebrae[[image:yiss-anatomy2010-11/2.png width="260" height="162"]][[image:3.png width="160" height="189"]]
 * Synovial joints accommodate the most movement. They contain cavaties between the bones that contain synovial fluid. The synovial fluid is useful for protection and lubrication.[[image:4.png width="375" height="184"]]

//Types of Synovial Joints://

A Ball and Socket joint allows the joint to move in a full 360 degree rotational movement.Examples: Hip, Shoulder A type of synovial joint that only allows gliding/sliding movements. They are composed of two almost flat surfaces which accommodate limited gliding movement. Examples: Wrists, ankles, clavicles
 * Ball and Socket:**
 * Gliding Joint:**

A hinge joint is simply joint that moves like a hinge. It only accommodates single planar movement, specifically backward and forward. The articulating surfacts are linked together with tights collateral ligaments. Examples: Humerus/ulna, Knee
 * Hinge Joint:**

Pivot joints are a type of synovial joints an they accommodate rotational movement. Although Ball&Socket joints also provide rotational movement, they should not be confused with pivot joints. Example: Distal Radio Ulnar Articulation.
 * Pivot**

The saddle joint is composed of two opposing concave and convex planes. Saddle joints allow for limited flexing and hinging however do not allow for rotational movement. Example: Joint in Thumb
 * Saddle Joint:**

__//**Limb Movements**//__

 * o **Flexion:** The movement of decreasing the joint angle. For example, for the elbow, bringing your hand towards your shoulder would be flexion.
 * ** o Extension:** The opposite of Flexion. The movement of increasing the joint and moving the parts apart.
 * ** o Dorsiflexion:** Bringing the feet toward the shin
 * ** o Plantar flexion:** Bringing the foot towards the sole
 * ** o Hyperextension:** Stretching and extending the joint beyond its normal anatomical position.
 * ** o Abduction:** Moving a body part away from the vertical center of symmetry.
 * ** o Adduction:** Moving a body part closer to the vertical center of symmetry
 * ** o Rotation:** Moving a part around its axis
 * ** o Circumduction:** Moving a part so it draws a circular motion
 * ** o Pronation:** Turning the hand so the palm is facing downwards
 * ** o Supination:** Turning the hand so the palm is facing upwards
 * ** o Eversion:** Turning the foot so that the sole is facing away from the center (laterally)
 * ** o Inversion:** Turning the foot so that the sole is facing towards the center (medially)
 * ** o Retraction:** Moving a part backwards
 * ** o Protraction:** Moving a part forwards
 * ** o Elevation:** Raising a part
 * ** o Depression:** Lowering a part

VIDEO~
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