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=//**Type of Joints**//=

Fibrous joints connect bones without allowing any movement. The bones of your skull and pelvis are held together by fibrous joints. The union of the spinous processes and vertebrae are fibrous joints
 * __//Fibrous Joints://__**



Joints that are entirely covered in cartilage, they allow more movement than fibrous joints but less than the highly mobile synovial joints.
 * __//Cartilaginous Joints://__**

The most common and mobile joint type in the body. Main difference in this joint is it has capsules around the articulating surfaces //Ball and Socket:// Consists of a bone with ball-shaped head that articulates with a cup-shaped head that rotates. It allows movements in all directions. //Condyloid Joint:// Oval shaped condyle of one bone that fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone. Joints between the phalanges and metacarpals. //Gliding Joints:// Almost flat or slightly curved, most of the joints within the wrist and ankle, and the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae belong to this group. They allow sliding and twisting movements. The sacroiliac joints and joints formed by ribs connecting with the sternum are also gliding joints.
 * //__Synovial Joints:__//**

//Hinge:// The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, such as the elbow and joints of the phalanges. Such a joint resembles a door hinge.

//Pivot//: Pivot joints allow rotation around an axis. The neck and forearms have pivot joints. In the neck the occipital bone spins over the top of the axis. In the forearms the radius and ulna twist around each other.

//Saddle:// Allows movement back and forth and up and down, but does not allow for rotation like a ball and socket joint. ==

=**Limb Movement**=


 * Flexion-** Bending parts at a joint so the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together.


 * Extension-**parts at a joint so the angle between them increases and parts move farther apart.


 * Dorsiflexion-** Bending the foot towards the shin.


 * Plantar Flexion- B**ending the ankle towards the sole.
 * Hyperextension-** Excess extension at the joint
 * Abduction-** Moving a part away from the midline, to form a right angle with the body
 * Adduction-** Moving a part toward the midline.


 * Rotation-** Moving a part around an axis. (turning head side to side)
 * Circumduction-** Moving a part so its end follows a circular path.


 * Pronation**- A rotation of the forearm that moves the palm from an anterior-facing position to a posterior-facing position, or palm facing down. This is not medial rotation as this must be performed when the arm is half flexed.


 * Supination-** The opposite of pronation, the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly, or palm facing up. The hand is //supine// (facing anteriorly) in the anatomical position


 * Eversion**- The movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.


 * Inversion-** The movement of the sole towards the median plane (same as when an ankle is twisted).

Retraction- Posterior movement of the arms at the shoulders.


 * Protraction-** Anterior movement of the arms at the shoulders.
 * Elevation-** Movement in a superior direction. The upper muscle fibers of the trapezius aid in elevating the apex of the shoulder.

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 * Depression-** Movement in an inferior direction, the opposite of elevation. Opposite to the upper fibers, the lower half of the trapezius aids in depressing the apex of the shoulder.